The conquests of Alexander gave place to a period of continual conflict among his Seleucid, Ptolemaic, and Antigonid successors, while the growing Roman juggernaut launched a series of conquests to unify the Italian Peninsula and battled its Carthaginian rival, setting the path for future supremacy. During this time, India was undergoing revolutionary upheaval, culminating in the emergence of the Mauryan Empire and Ashoka the Great's rule.
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