top of page

Sound - Class 9 Science Notes
Introduction Sound is a form of energy which produces sensation of hearing in our ears It is produced due to vibration of different...

Why do we fall ill? - Class 9 Science Notes
What is Health? Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. It is not merely the absence of diseases. It is a...

Natural Resources - Class 9 Science Notes
Introduction Life on the earth depends on the resources like air, water, soil, etc. The resources available on the earth and the energy...

Improvement in Food Resources - Class 9 Science Notes
Introduction Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, which are required for body development, growth and...

Acids, Bases And Salts
Introduction ‘Sour’ and ‘Bitter’ taste of food is due to acids and bases. If someone has acidity you give them basic solution such as a...

Metals And Non-Metals
Difference between Metals and Non-Metals Substances can be categorized by comparing their physical and chemical properties. Anodizing -...

Carbon And Its Compounds
Chemical substances containing carbon are referred to as carbon compounds. Carbon is a versatile element that forms the basis for all...

Periodic Classification of Elements
At presently, 118 elements are known to us. Out of these 118, only 94 are naturally occurring. All these have different properties....

Control and Coordination
Introduction Animals and Plants show movement with change in environment. Any change in our environment is associated with movement that...

Reproduction
Why do organisms reproduce? Reproduction is not an essential life process but yet all animals and plants reproduce and spend their energy...

Heredity and Evolution
Introduction Genetics deal with study of Hereditary and Variation. The transmission of traits/character from one generation to next...

Light – Reflection and Refraction
What is Light? We are able to see the objects when light is reflected back from them. Therefore, light is a form of energy that allows us...

The Human Eye and the colourful World
The Human Eye The human eye uses light and enables us to see objects around us. The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive...

Electricity
What is an Charge? Charge is a fundamental particle in an atom. It may be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other and unlike...

Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
Introduction What is a Magnet? Magnet is defined as a material that can produce its own magnetic field. There are three types of magnets:...

Sources of Energy
“There is enough on Earth for everybody’s needs, but not enough for everybody’s greed”. – Mahatma Gandhi. What is Energy? Energy is the...

Our Environment
“Taking care of the Environment is not an obligation. Our Environment is our Life” - Sadhguru Introduction Environment refers to the...

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Introduction Natural resources are substances obtained from the planet that are used to sustain life and provide for human needs. A...


What Are Gravitational Waves?
Introduction The study of gravitational waves is a relatively new and fascinating area that has recently attracted the interest of both...

Chemical Reactions and Equation
Introduction We can say a chemical reaction has taken places if we observe- • ︎ Change in state • ︎ Change in color • ︎ Evolution of a...

Matter in Our Surroundings
Introduction Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named “matter”. The air we breathe, the food we...

Sociology | Class 11 | Sociology and Society
What is Sociology? Sociology is the study of human society as a whole. It also performs certain tasks in its field as a discipline: One...

Sociology | Class 11 | Understanding Social Institutions
Introduction We each have a status and a role, but we don't get to choose them. They are not roles that an actor might play. Social...

Sociology | Class 11| Culture and socialization
Sociologists and anthropologists are interested in the social conditions in which culture exists. They dissect culture in order to...
bottom of page